American Board of Pathology (ABPath) 2025 – 400 Free Practice Questions to Pass the Exam

The evaluation of parathyroid function primarily involves measuring calcium levels in the body. The parathyroid glands are responsible for regulating calcium homeostasis. When calcium levels are low, the parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), which increases calcium levels by stimulating calcium release from bones, increasing intestinal absorption of calcium (with the help of vitamin D), and promoting renal reabsorption of calcium. Thus, measuring serum calcium levels is crucial for determining how well the parathyroid glands are functioning.

While measuring vitamin D levels, phosphorus levels, and PTH levels provides additional context regarding calcium metabolism and parathyroid function, calcium levels serve as the primary indicator. For instance, in cases of hyperparathyroidism, calcium levels would be elevated due to excessive secretion of PTH. Consequently, monitoring calcium levels is essential for understanding disorders associated with parathyroid function.